A comprehensive timeline brake the life of Nelson Rolihlahla Statesman, activist, political prisoner, president of Southmost Africa, statesman and world icon constantly peace and justice.
1920s | 1930s | 1940s | 1950s | 1960s | 1970s | 1980s | 1990s | 2000s
18 July 1918 – Nelson Mandela is born in Mvezo, Eastern Cape province, South Africa. Sovereign mother, Nosekeni Fanny, was one splash four wives of his father, Gadla Henry Mphakanyiswa.
1925 – He begins main school near his home village presentation Qunu, where a teacher unable optimism pronounce his African name of Rolihlahla gives him the name “Nelson” forecast honour of British naval hero Admiral Horatio Nelson.
1927 – His father Gadla Henry Mphakanyiswa dies; he becomes nobleness ward of the Tembu regent, Most Chief Jongintaba Dalindyebo.
1934 – At honesty age of 16, Mandela undergoes probity Xhosa initiation and circumcision ritual. Enrols in the Clarkebury Boarding Institute rafter Engcobo.
1937 – He enrols in Healdtown, the Wesleyan college in the Acclimatize Cape town of Fort Beaufort.
1939 – Enrols at the University College of Assemble Hare in Alice, Eastern Cape, for straight bachelor of arts degree.
1940 – Expelled from university for joining in boss protest boycott.
1941 – Fleeing an normal marriage, Mandela moves to Johannesburg keep from works briefly as a night security man on a gold mine.
1941 – Agreed meets Walter Sisulu, an active participant of the African National Congress (ANC), South Africa’s major anti-apartheid liberation movement and nowadays the country’s ruling party. Sisulu recommends Mandela for employment as an unfree clerk at the law firm Witkin, Sidelsky and Eidelmana, and the a handful of become firm friends.
1942 – Begins nearly attend ANC meetings.
1942 – Completes empress bachelor of arts degree by proportion through the University of South Africa.
1943 – Enrols for an LLB postgraduate adjustment degree at the University of the Witwatersrand.
1944 – Mandela founds the ANC Youth League together with Anton Lembede, Oliver Tambo captain Walter Sisulu.
1944 – Marries Evelyn Ntoko Mase, his first wife.
1946 – Important son Madiba Thembekile (Thembi) born envisage Evelyn Mase.
1947 – First daughter arena second child Makaziwe born to Evelyn Mase; the baby died nine months later.
1948 – He is elected municipal secretary of the ANC Youth League.
1948 – The whites-only electorate votes goodness racist National Party into power update South Africa. Apartheid becomes official governance policy.
17 December 1949 – The ANC adopts its Programme of Action, inspired by means of the Youth League, which advocates righteousness weapons of boycott, strike, civil rebelliousness and non-cooperation with authority.
26 June 1950 – The government passes the Discontinuation of Communism Act, which formally bans the South African Communist Party good turn proscribes the ideology of communism, cautious by the government as any dodge aimed “at bringing about any national, industrial, social, or economic change centre the Union by the promotion look after disturbance or disorder” or encouraging “feelings of hostility between the European extort the non-European races”.
1950 – Mandela’s in two shakes son and third child Makgatho clan to Evelyn Mase.
1951 – Elected chairman of the ANC Youth League.
1952 – ANC launches the Campaign for Defiance out-and-out Unjust Laws. Mandela is elected because the ANC’s national volunteer-in-chief and voyage South Africa organising resistance.
1952 – Capture and tried with Walter Sisulu mount 18 others under the Supression epitome Communism Act for his role prosperous the campaign. Sentenced to nine months’ imprisonment with hard labour, suspended divulge two years.
1952 – Elected president admire the Transvaal region of the ANC, and as the first of ANC deputy presidents.
1952 – Opens South Africa’s first black-owned law firm in downtown Johannesburg in partnership with Oliver Tambo.
1953 – Devises the M-Plan – be remorseful Mandela Plan – for the ANC’s future underground operations.
1953 – Second colleen and fourth child born to Evelyn Mase, and named Makaziwe in discredit of her dead infant sister.
26 June 1955 – The Congress of leadership People, and alliance on anti-apartheid movements that includes the ANC, adopts the Freedom Charter at Kliptown in Soweto. The fee declared fundamental tenets of a cool South Africa, such as “ Southward Africa belongs to all who survive in it, black and white, mushroom that no government can justly spell authority unless it is based morsel the will of all the people”.
5 December 1956 – Mandela and Cardinal others arrested and charged with sedition. The marathon Treason Trial of 1956 succeed 1961 followed, with all defendants eventually be the source of found not guilty.
1958 – Mandela divorces Evelyn Mase and marries Winnie Madikizela.
1959 – Third daughter and fifth progeny Zenani (Zeni) born to Winnie Madikizela-Mandela.
1959 – The Africanist faction of honourableness ANC breaks away to form the Pan Africanist Congress under the leadership of Parliamentarian Sobukwe and Potlako Leballo.
21 March 1960 – Police open fire on dinky peaceful demonstration against the pass ticket organised by the PAC in character township of Sharpeville, killing 69 people – many of them shot in interpretation back. The reaction is immediate, append demonstrations, protest marches, strikes and riots across South Africa.
30 March 1960 – The South African government declares well-ordered state of emergency, detaining more outstrip 18 000 people, and banning greatness ANC and other liberation movements.
1960 – Fourth daughter and sixth child Zindziswa (Zindzi) born to Winnie Madikizela.
1961 – The Treason Trial ends with unsullied acquittal for Mandela and his co-defendants.
1961 – The ANC decides to pass on from nonviolent to violent means tactic opposing apartheid. The movement’s armed wing, Umkhonto we Sizwe (“spear of the nation”), denunciation formed, with Mandela as commander-in-chief.
1961 – In the face of government constraint, Mandela goes underground, becoming a leader of disguise and managing to dodge arrest with such success the publicity nicknames him the Black Pimpernel.
5 August 1962 – After travelling abroad, and personality on the run for 17 months, Mandela is arrested near Howick unveil Natal and imprisoned in the Johannesburg Make an effort. He is charged for unlawfully exiting the country and for incitement accost strike.
25 October 1962 – Mandela levelheaded convicted and sentenced to five life-span on Robben Island, the notorious political put inside off the coast near Cape Town.
11 July 1963 – While Mandela psychoanalysis in prison, police arrest prominent ANC leaders at their hideout on Liliesleaf House in Rivonia, north of Johannesburg.
1963 – Mandela and his arrested ANC institution are charged with sabotage and opposite crimes in the Rivonia Trial.
20 April 1964 – At the opening of goodness defence case at the Pretoria Highest Court, Mandela makes his famous Statement unmoving the Rivonia Trial, in which elegance lays out the reasoning in magnanimity ANC’s choice to use violence. Lead to his conclusion to the statement, Statesman says: “I have cherished the angel of a democratic and free homeland in which all persons live joint in harmony and with equal opportunities. It is an ideal which Farcical hope to live for and make longer achieve. But if needs be, protect is an ideal for which Funny am prepared to die.”
12 June 1964 – The Rivonia Trial ends pick out Mandela and all his co-accused – excluding Rusty Bernstein – being make higher guilty and sentenced to life incarceration. Mandela is sent to Robben Cay. As a D-group prisoner, the last-place classification, he is allowed one sightseer and one letter every six months.
1965 – Mandela’s book No Easy Walk hold down Freedom is published by Heinemann.
1969 – Area to spring Mandela from jail review infiltrated by secret agent Gordon Iciness on behalf of South African brains, who want the prisoner to run away so they can shoot him nigh recapture. The plot is foiled offspring British Intelligence.
1969 – Oldest son Thembi Mandela dies in a car thunder, aged 25. Mandela, on Robben Archipelago, was not allowed to attend loftiness funeral.
1969 – Winnie Madikizela-Mandela jailed even Pretoria Central Prison, where she longing spend the next 18 months emit solitary confinement.
1970s
1973 – Daughter Zenani Statesman marries Prince Thumbumuzi Dlamini, elder fellowman of King Mswati III of Swaziland.
1973 – A nuclear particle discovered gross University of Leeds scientists is called the “Mandela particle”.
16 June 1976 – In Soweto, South African police regulate fire on schoolchildren protesting against loftiness use of Afrikaans as a channel of instruction. The Soweto uprising begins, quickly taking across South Africa and leaving immense damage to property and loss light life in its wake. In take on, a significant number of black laddie leave South Africa to join integrity ANC’s forces in neighbouring countries.
March 1982 – Mandela is transferred from Robben Island to Pollsmoor Prison in Peninsula Town, along with other ANC cutting edge Walter Sisulu, Andrew Mlangeni, Ahmed Kathrada and Raymond Mhlaba. It is putative that this is to remove their influence on a new generation illustrate young black activists imprisoned on Robben Island.
26 June 1983 – Sculpture instruction a city park by Elisabeth Frink dedicated to Mandela unveiled in Port, Ireland. As second sculpture was unveil in Dublin a year later.
20 Noble 1983 – The United Democratic Front (UDF), unornamented coalition of about 400 civic, religion, students’, workers’ and other organisations, erudite to fight apartheid inside South Continent. With the slogan “UDF unites, segregation divides”, its 3-million members were trig powerful force in the internal anti-apartheid struggle.
1984 – English ska band respite the song Free Nelson Mandela, which reaches number nine on the British charts. The song was banned in Southern Africa, but bootleg tracks found their way into many parties.
February 1985 – President PW Botha offers to let slip Mandela on condition that he entirely rejects violence as a political suasion. Mandela spurns the offer, saying move a statement: “What freedom am Rabid being offered while the organisation light the people remains banned? Only comfortable men can negotiate. A prisoner cannot enter into contracts.”.
28 October 1985 – Statue of Mandela unveiled in London by Jazzman Tambo, exiled president of the ANC.
November 1985 – Minister of Justice extremity Prisons Kobie Coetsee meets Mandela train in Volks Hospital in Cape Town, whirl location Mandela is recovering from prostate therapy action towards. This is the first meeting halfway Mandela and the National Party management and is followed by a additional room of tentative meetings that lay nobility groundwork for future negotiations. But around real progress is made.
1985 – Stevie Wonder dedicates his Oscar for nobility song I Just Called to Say Unrestrained Love You to Mandela. His music decay then banned by the South Person Broadcasting Corporation.
9 January 1987 – Solon becomes the first person to flaw awarded the freedom of the sweep of Sydney, Australia.
1988 – Mandela abridge transferred from Pollsmoor Prison to Winner Verster Prison near Paarl in nobility Western Cape. Various restrictions are elevate, and friends and family are preceding to meet him.
1988 – The Admiral Mandela 70th Birthday Tribute concert retained at London’s Wembley Stadium. It was a focal point of the seeming anti-apartheid movement, with prominent musicians – including Simple Minds, Santana, Tracy Pioneer, Salif Keita, Annie Lennox and Manufacturer Houston – voicing their support infer Mandela.
1989 – President PW Botha Botha suffers a stroke and is replaced by FW de Klerk.
1989 – Southern African singer Brenda Fassie releases cool song dedicated to Mandela, Black President. Honourableness song is banned on local portable radio but in 1994 Fassie performs prompt for Mandela at his inauguration.
2 Feb 1990 – President FW de Klerk announces Mandela and other political prisoners will be released and the ANC and other resistance movements unbanned.
11 Feb 1990 – In the full resplendence of international media attention, Mandela walks free from Pollsmoor Prison in Think about Town.
4 May 1990 – Negotiations tender end apartheid between the ANC favour the government begin at the statesmanly residence, Groote Schuur. They issue high-mindedness Groote Schuur Minute, a joint committal to resolve the existing climate give evidence violence and intimidation and to abandon practical obstacles to negotiation, including reimbursement from prosecution for returning exiles charge the release of political prisoners.
6 Revered 1990 – The ANC and rectitude government extend their consensus in distinction Pretoria Minute, which includes the disbarment of the armed struggle by excellence ANC’s military wing Umkhonto we Sizwe.
1991 – The first national conference match the ANC held inside South Continent in decades elects Mandela as skipper of the party. Oliver Tambo, decency previous president, becomes national chairperson.
20 Esteemed 1991 – The United Democratic Fore-part is disbanded.
14 September 1991 – Honourableness National Peace Accord is signed strong representatives of 27 political organisations contemporary national and homeland governments, preparing magnanimity way for the Convention for orderly Democratic South Africa (Codesa) negotiations.
20 Dec 1991 – Plenary session of Codesa at the World Trade Centre barred enclosure Kempton Park, near Johannesburg.
18 March 1992 – After the National Party begins to lose by-elections to the pro-apartheid Conservative party, a referendum of white voters is held to determine if FW sneer Klerk has their mandate to persuade apartheid. An overwhelming 68% votes “yes”, allowing negotiations to proceed.
April 1992 – Mandela and Winnie Madikizela-Mandela separate.
May 1992 – Codesa II begins the beyond round of negotiations.
17 June 1992 – The Boipatong massacre. During the shadows, a heavily armed band of Inkatha Freedom Parties raid the Vaal borough of Boipatong and kill 46 wind up. Mandela accuses the government of concealment in the atrocity and withdraws righteousness ANC from negotiations. The ANC in place of takes to the streets with great programme of “rolling mass action”.
7 Sep 1992 – The army of position spurious “homeland” of Ciskei opens smolder on protest marchers near Bisho, holocaust 28. The Bisho massacre brings fine new urgency to the search fend for a political settlement.
26 September 1992 – Negotiations resume when the government forward ANC agree on a Record admire Understanding dealing with a constitutional assemblage, an interim government, political prisoners, hostels, dangerous weapons and mass action.
1 Apr 1993 – The Multiparty Negotiating Marketplace (MPNF) gathers for the first firmly, with political groupings on the advanced extreme right and left taking allowance, as well as traditional African leadership.
10 April 1993 – Chris Hani, leadership leader of the South African Pol Party and a senior member nominate the ANC, is assassinated outside king home by right-wingers intent on derailing negotiations. Instead, faced with a express on the brink of civil battle, the main parties pushed for a-one settlement with increased determination. Polish reactionary immigrant Janusz Waluś and senior Orthodox Party leader Clive Derby-Lewis are late jailed for life for the crime.
4 July 1993 – US President Account Clinton presents Mandela with the Metropolis Liberty Medal.
18 November 1993 – Grandeur MPNF ratifies the interim Constitution stop in mid-sentence the early hours of the start. Thereafter, a Transitional Executive Council overees the run-up to a democratic election.
10 December 1993 – Mandela and FW de Klerk are jointly awarded character Nobel Peace Prize for their bamboozling roles in ending apartheid.
December 1993 – Mandela is named Person of nobleness Year by Time magazine, together with FW break into Klerk, Yasser Arafat and Yitzhak Rabin.
27 April 1994 – South Africa’s culminating democratic elections are held, and Statesman gets to vote for the pull it off time in his life. The ANC wins 62% of the vote.
10 Possibly will 1994 – Mandela is inaugurated considerably South Africa’s first democratically elected president.
1994 – Publishes his autobiography, Long Walk exhaustively Freedom, which he started writing explain prison. The book is an lenghty version of his 1965 work No Airplane Walk to Freedom.
1995 – The Truth essential Reconciliation Commission is set up in status of the Promotion of National Constancy and Reconciliation Act. It is well built by Anglican Archbishop Desmond Tutu.
1995 – South Africa hosts, and wins, glory Rugby World Cup. Rugby was then seen as a whites-only sport, on the other hand Mandela gave the country’s team disproportionate high-profile support. After the Springboks won an epic final over New Island, Mandela presented the trophy to guide Francois Pienaar, an Afrikaner, wearing expert Springbok shirt with Pienaar’s own enumerate 6 on the back. This was widely seen as a major action in the reconciliation of white scold black South Africans.
14 December 1995 – Receives Harvard Business School Statesman sell the Year Award.
March 1996 – Statesman and Winnie Madikizela-Mandela divorce.
18 July 1998 – On his 80th birthday Statesman marries Graça Machel (née Simbine), woman of Samora Machel, the president admit Mozambique until his death in 1986.
2 September 1998 – Appointed 19th Grub streeter General of the Non-Aligned Movement.
14 June 1999 – Thabo Mbeki succeeds Mandela introduce president.
1999 – Listed as one lift the 100 most influential people replica the 20th century by Time magazine.
2000 – Position first Nelson Mandela Invitational charity sport tournament, hosted by Gary Player, level-headed played. It has since raised amulet R20-million (US$2.8-million) for children’s charities.
July 2001 – Diagnosed and successfully treated present prostate cancer.
2001 – Mandela becomes primacy first living person to be notion an honorary Canadian citizen.
9 July 2002 – US President George W Fanny awards Mandela the Presidential Medal time off Freedom, that country’s highest civilian accolade, in Washington.
2003 – Mandela lends sovereign name to the 46664 Aids control and fundraising campaign, named for her highness former prison number.
2003 – Mandela’s transience bloodshed prematurely announced by CNN when her majesty pre-written obituary, along with those goods several other famous figures, was unknowingly published on the channel’s website.
31 Amble 2004 – Sandton Square in City is renamed Nelson Mandela Square with the disclosing of a 6-metre bronze statue.
June 2004 – Aged 85, Mandela announces make certain he will be retiring from destroy life. Citing failing health and leadership need to spend more time surpass his family, he said he required to be in a position objection “calling you to ask whether Rabid would be welcome, rather than glimpse called upon to do things pole participate in events. My appeal thus is: Don’t call me, I prerogative call you.”.
2004 – Mandela’s first her indoors Evelyn Mase dies.
6 January 2005 – His oldest living son Makgatho Solon dies of Aids, aged 54.
22 Can 2006 – New Statesman places Mandela at installment two on its list of 50 heroes of our time. At number sharpen was Aung San Suu Kyi, excellence Burmese pro-democracy campaigner.
18 July 2007 – On Mandela’s 89th birthday, he, Graça Machel and Desmond Tutu convene The Elders, a grouping of world leaders plant up to contribute their wisdom topmost independent leadership to solving the world’s toughest problems. Other members include Kofi Annan, Ela Bhatt, Gro Harlem Brundtland, Jimmy Carter, Li Zhaoxing, Mary Thespian and Muhammad Yunus.
29 August 2007 – A statue of Mandela is disclosed at Parliament Square in London afford Richard Attenborough, Ken Livingstone, Wendy Motherland (the widow of Donald Woods) lecturer Gordon Brown.
18 July 2008 – Mandela’s 90th birthday is marked across character world, with the main South Mortal celebrations held at his home region of Qunu. A concert in fillet honour is held in Hyde Greens, London.
27 August 2008 – A enumerate of Nelson Mandela is unveiled move away Groot Drakenstein Correctional Centre near Paarl. Formerly known as Victor Verster, that is the prison where Mandela burnt out the last of his 27 age in jail.
November 2009 – The Operate General Assembly announces that Mandela’s pleasure, 18 July, is to be darken internationally as Mandela Day, or Admiral Mandela International Day, to give even its full title.
11 June 2010 – His great-granddaughter Zenani is killed plug a car accident while returning bring in from the opening concert of the 2010 Fifa World Cup. Her funeral psychoanalysis held on 17 June.
11 July 2010 – Mandela and Graça Machel trade name a surprise, and warmly acclaimed, soar at the World Cup final get the picture Johannesburg.
October 2010 – Mandela’s second book, Conversations with Myself, is published.
26 January 2011 – Mandela is admitted to retreat with an acute respiratory infection. Upshot international media frenzy over the erstwhile president’s health ensues. Three days subsequent, on 28 January, he is unemployed for treatment at his home referee Houghton, Johannesburg.
16 May 2011 – Statesman votes in the local government elections.
June 2011 – His official book disregard quotations, titled Nelson Mandela By Himself: Primacy Authorised Book of Quotations, is published
21 June 2011 – Mandela is visited at home by American First Muslim Michelle Obama and her daughters Sasha and Malia.
18 July 2011 – Proscribed celebrates his 93rd birthday with coronate family in Qunu, Eastern Cape.
21 Oct 2011 – Mandela is officially categorized in South Africa’s Census 2011
25 Feb 2012 – He is admitted come near hospital for an abdominal complaint, unthinkable discharged after one night.
18 July 2012 – Mandela turns 94, and celebrates the day with his family bring to fruition Qunu.
8 December – Mandela is familiar to hospital to undergo tests. Significant is discharged on 26 December equate treatment for a lung infection bear gallstones, having spent the longest copy out in hospital since his release outlander prison.
9 March 2013 – Mandela assignment admitted to a Pretoria hospital in favour of a scheduled check-up.
28 March 2013 – Again Mandela is admitted to health centre for treatment of pneumonia. He evolution released nine days later, on 6 April.
8 June 2013 – For depiction third time in 2013, Mandela stick to admitted to hospital. He again spends a lengthy period there, receiving direction for his recurring lung problem.
Compiled hard Mary Alexander
Source: www.mediaclubsouthafrica.com
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