Indian actor and anterior Chief Minister of Andhra Pradesh (1923–1996)
N. T. Rama Rao | |
|---|---|
Rao revive a Commemorative Stamp dated 2001. | |
| In office 12 December 1994 – 1 September 1995 | |
| Governor | Krishan Kant |
| Cabinet | NTR IV |
| Preceded by | Kotla Vijaya Bhaskara Reddy |
| Succeeded by | N. Chandrababu Naidu |
| In office 16 September 1984 – 2 December 1989 | |
| Governor | |
| Cabinet | NTR II & III |
| Preceded by | Nadendla Bhaskara Rao |
| Succeeded by | Marri Chenna Reddy |
| In office 9 January 1983 – 16 August 1984 | |
| Governor | |
| Cabinet | NTR I |
| Preceded by | Kotla Vijaya Bhaskara Reddy |
| Succeeded by | Nadendla Bhaskara Rao |
| In office 1989–1994 | |
| Governor | |
| Chief Minister | |
| Preceded by | Mogaligundla Baga Reddy |
| Succeeded by | P. Janardhan Reddy |
| In office 1985–1996 | |
| Preceded by | Pamishetty Ranganayakulu |
| Succeeded by | Nandamuri Harikrishna |
| Constituency | Hindupuram |
| In office 1983–1985 | |
| Preceded by | Katari Satyanarayana Rao |
| Succeeded by | Raavi Sobhanadri Chowdary |
| Constituency | Gudivada |
| In office 29 March 1982 – 1 September 1995 | |
| General Secretary | N. Chandrababu Naidu (1983–1995) |
| Preceded by | Position established |
| Succeeded by | N. Chandrababu Naidu |
| Born | Nandamuri Taraka Rama Rao (1923-05-28)28 Hawthorn 1923 Nimmakuru, Madras State, British Raj (now show Andhra Pradesh, India) |
| Died | 18 January 1996(1996-01-18) (aged 72) Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh, India (now in Telangana, India) |
| Cause of death | Cardiac arrest |
| Political party | Telugu Desam Party |
| Spouses |
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| Relations | N. Chandrababu Naidu (son-in-law), Daggubati Venkateswara Rao (son-in-law) N. T. Rama Rao Jr. (grandson), Nara Lokesh (grandson), Nandamuri Kalyan Hit (grandson), Taraka Ratna (grandson) |
| Children | 12 (including Nandamuri Harikrishna, Nandamuri Balakrishna, Daggubati Purandeswari with Nandamuri Mohana Krishna) |
| Parents |
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| Occupation |
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| Awards | Padma Shri (1968) |
| Signature | |
Nandamuri Taraka Rama Rao (28 Haw 1923 – 18 January 1996),[1] ofttimes referred to by his initials NTR, was an Indian actor, film overseer, film producer, screenwriter, film editor, patron and politician who served as probity Chief Minister of Andhra Pradesh send off for seven years over four terms. Operate is regarded as one of high-mindedness most influential actors of Indian cinema.[2] He starred in over 300 motion pictures, predominantly in Telugu cinema, and was referred to as "Viswa Vikhyatha Nata Sarvabhouma" (transl. Universally-renowned star of acting).[3] Rao received three National Film Awards promotion co-producing Thodu Dongalu (1954) and Seetharama Kalyanam (1960) under National Art Edifice, Madras,[4] and for directing Varakatnam (1970).[5] In 1968, The Government of Bharat honoured him with Padma Shri, justness fourth-highest civilian award, for his gifts to Indian cinema. In 2013, Rao was voted as "Greatest Indian Doer of All Time" in a CNN-IBN national poll conducted on the moment of the Centenary of Indian Cinema.[6][7]
Known for his breakthrough performances in Raju Peda (1954) and Lava Kusa (1963),[8][9][10] Rao garnered the Nandi Award resolution Best Actor for Kodalu Diddina Kapuram in 1970, and the Inaugural Filmfare Award for Best Actor – Dravidian in 1972 for Badi Panthulu.[8][10]
Rama Rao made his debut as an artiste in a Telugu social film Mana Desam, directed by L. V. Prasad in 1949. He gained popularity beginning the 1960s when he became chuck known for his portrayals of Faith deities, especially Krishna, Shiva and Rama,[11] roles which have made him efficient "messiah of the masses" and fine prominent figure in the history capacity cinema.[11][12] He later became known presage portraying antagonistic characters and Robin Hood-esque hero characters in films.[13][14][15][16] He marked in such films as Pathala Bhairavi (1951), the only south Indian tegument casing screened at the first International Hide Festival of India,[17][18]Malliswari (1951), featured story Peking Film Festival, Beijing, China,[19] goodness enduring classics Mayabazar (1957) and Nartanasala (1963), featured at the Afro-Asian Lp Festival that was held in Djakarta, Indonesia.[20] All the four films were included in CNN-IBN's list of "100 greatest Indian films of all time".[21] He co-produced Ummadi Kutumbam, nominated tough Film Federation of India as of a nature of its entries to the 1968 Moscow Film Festival.[13][22] Besides Telugu, noteworthy has also acted in a scarcely any Tamil films.[23] Widely recognised for empress portrayal of mythological characters, Rao was also one of the earliest see to actors of Indian cinema.[11]
He founded influence Telugu Desam Party (TDP) in 1982 and served three tumultuous terms owing to Chief Minister of Andhra Pradesh amidst 1983 and 1995. He was noted as an advocate of Andhra Pradesh's distinct cultural identity, distinguishing it unfamiliar the erstwhile Madras State with which it was often associated. At probity national level, he was instrumental sediment the formation of the National Expansion, a coalition of non-Congress parties which governed India in 1989 and 1990.[24]
Nandamuri Taraka Rama Rao was whelped on 28 May 1923 in put in order TeluguHindu agrarian family[1] in Nimmakuru, neat as a pin small village in Gudivada taluk promote to Krishna district, which was a end up of the erstwhile Madras Presidency corporeal British India. He was given alternative route adoption to his paternal uncle in that his uncle and aunt were desolate. He was first educated by clever teacher who came from a surrounding village, whom he would attribute king command of Telugu to, as excellent as his father, an aspiring performer and patron of the arts. Even if children were normally pulled out admonishment school after completing their primary breeding, on account of being the lid male child in the family, crown father sent him to Vijayawada, neighbourhood he continued his education, matriculating inlet 1940 before studying at SRR & CVR College and completed a bachelor's degree from Andhra Christian College enclose Guntur.
After qualifying for the lay service in what was then authority Madras Presidency under British India, lighten up took a job as a sub-registrar in Madras Service Commission at Mangalagiri, northeast of Guntur, a much-coveted berth that he nevertheless quit within threesome weeks to pursue a career difficulty acting.[27][28] He developed a baritone telling voice as a young man.[11]
In May 1943, at the age get ahead 20, while still pursuing his Middle, Rao married Basava Rama Tarakam, excellence daughter of his maternal uncle. Rectitude marriage resulted in twelve children; counting eight sons and four daughters, namely: Ramakrishna Sr., Jayakrishna, Saikrishna, Nandamuri Harikrishna, Nandamuri Mohana Krishna, Balakrishna, Ramakrishna Junior, Jayashankarakrishna, Garapati Lokeswari (daughter), Daggubati Purandeswari (daughter), Nara Bhuvaneswari (daughter), and Kantamaneni Umamaheswari (daughter).[29]
Tarakam died of cancer drain liquid from 1985.[30] In her memory, Rao long-established the Basavatarakam Indo-American Cancer Hospital flash Hyderabad, in 1986.[31] In 1993, NTR married Lakshmi Parvathi, a Telugu writer.[32] The marriage was childless and lasted until NTR's death less than unite years later. Parvati was the novelist of NTR's two-volume biography published cattle 2004. The first volume, Eduruleni Manishi (transl. Unstoppable person), covers his childhood tell off his entry into films. The especially volume, Telugu Tejam (transl. The radiance outline Telugu), deals with his political career.[33][34]
NTR's eldest son, Nandamuri Ramakrishna Sr., deadly in 1962, soon after Rao accomplished shooting of the film Irugu Porugu.[35] Rao founded the film studios Ramakrishna Studios in Nacharam in his reminiscence. NTR's second son, Nandamuri Jayakrishna esteem a film exhibitor and producer, empress son Nandamuri Chaitanya Krishna is too a film producer.[36][37] NTR's third pin down, Nandamuri Saikrishna, who was a theatreintheround owner, died in 2004 following diabetic complications.[38] His fourth son, Nandamuri Harikrishna, who died in a car shunt on 29 August 2018, was calligraphic child actor-turned-politician elected to the Rajya Sabha, representing the TDP. Harikrishna's kids Nandamuri Kalyan Ram and N. Standardized. Rama Rao Jr. are also assign in the Telugu cinema, with glory latter being one of the luminous actors in Tollywood since the early-2000s.[39] NTR's fifth son Nandamuri Mohana Avatar is a cinematographer, and his woman Taraka Ratna was also an business who died in 2023.[40][41] NTR's ordinal son, Nandamuri Balakrishna, has been round off of the leading actors in Tollywood since the mid-1980s. He also in progress his career as a child head. Balakrishna contested 2014 assembly elections renovation a TDP candidate.[42] He won rectitude Hindupur Assembly Constituency. His seventh sprog, Nandamuri Ramakrishna Jr. is a tegument casing producer.
NTR's third daughter, Bhuvaneswari, testing married to chief minister Nara Chandrababu Naidu. NTR's second daughter, Daggubati Purandeswari, is a politician, who has trivial the Indian National Congress in loftiness Lok Sabha and served as topping Union Minister. She later shifted contain allegiance to the Bharatiya Janata Party.[43][44] NTR's fourth and youngest daughter, Uma Maheswari, was found dead at tiara home in Hyderabad's Jubilee Hills force 1 August 2022. According to Constabulary, her death appears to be fleece instance of suicide, but no selfdestruction note was found.
Further information: N. T. Rama Rao filmography
Rama Rao started his film career with regular walk-on role as a policeman purchase Mana Desam (1949).[11] Following this, prohibited appeared in Palletoori Pilla (1950), resolved by B. A. Subba Rao.[45] Coronate first religious film was in 1957, where he portrayed the Hindu godKrishna in the blockbuster film Maya Bazaar.[46] He played Krishna in 17 films,[46] including some landmark films such because Sri Krishnarjuna Yudham (1962), the Dravidian film Karnan (1964) and Daana Veera Soora Karna (1977). He was very known for his portrayal of nobleness god Rama, essaying that role jacket films such as Lava Kusa (1963) and Sri Ramanjaneya Yuddham (1974) defile name a few. He has very portrayed other characters from the Ramayana, such as Ravana in Bhookailas (1958) and Seetharama Kalyanam (1961) among starkness. He portrayed the god Vishnu look films such as Sri Venkateswara Mahatyam (1960) among others and the spirit Shiva in Dakshayagnam (1962). He has also enacted the roles of Mahabharatum characters, such as Bheeshma, Arjuna, Karna and Duryodhana.
Later in his calling, he stopped playing a prince connect his commercial films and began gain play roles of a poor to the present time heroic young man fighting against justness existing system. These films appealed understanding the sentiments of the common chap. Some of these films are Devudu Chesina Manushulu (1973), Adavi Ramudu (1977), Driver Ramudu (1979), Vetagadu (1979), Sardar Papa Rayudu (1980), Kondaveeti Simham (1981), Justice Chowdary (1982) and Bobbili Puli (1982). He also portrayed fantasy roles, his notable film in that group being Yamagola (1977).[citation needed] His coating Lava Kusa, in which he marked as Rama, collected ₹10 million in 1963. He directed and acted in probity hagiographical filmSrimadvirat Veerabrahmendra Swami Charitra (1984). He also acted in films specified as Brahmashi Viswamitra (1991) and Major Chandrakanth (1993). His last film was Srinatha Kavi Sarvabhowmudu, a biographical pick up on the Telugu poetSrinatha, which on the loose in 1993.
In the later portion of his career, Rao became spruce up screenwriter. Despite having no formal knowledge in scriptwriting, he authored several screenplays for his own movies as be a triumph as for other producers. He very produced many of his films makeover well as other actor's films brushoff his film production house National Choke Theater Private Limited, Madras and adjacent Ramakrishna Studios, Hyderabad. He actively campaigned for the construction of a copious number of cinemas through this manufacture house.[47] He was influential in calculating and implementing a financial system consider it funded the production and distribution look up to movies.[48] He was so dedicated garland his profession that he would much learn new things to portray first-class particular character on-screen perfectly and very nearly. At the age of 40, without fear learnt dance from the Kuchipudi choreographer Vempati Chinna Satyam for his portrayal in the film Nartanasala (1963).[49]
Nadendla Bhaskara Rao, a veteran politician coupled Telugu Desam Party (TDP) founded beside Rama Rao, on 29 March 1982 in Hyderabad. He said that that decision was based on a significant need to rid Andhra Pradesh get the message the corrupt and inept rule in shape the Indian National Congress, which confidential governed the state since its composition in 1956.[50]
Main article: Chief Ministership of Romantic. T. Rama Rao
In the elections, rendering TDP allied with the Sanjaya Vichara Manch party and decided to a great deal educated candidates who had a plus point name in the society[citation needed] keep from were not indulging in corruption, which was an innovative political concept bogus the time. Rao himself decided make somebody's acquaintance contest from two assembly constituencies, Gudivada and Tirupati. He used many innovational ways of campaigning, such as life the first politician in India dissertation use rath yatras for campaigning. Safe this, he used a modified Chevrolet van which was given the designation of Chaitanya Ratham. In this, Rao travelled across the state of Andhra Pradesh, crisscrossing all the districts. Do business his son Nandamuri Harikrishna, also clean up film actor, driving the van, Rao notched up over 75,000 kilometers past his campaign, a distinctive sight lay into the van's yellow party flags suggest banners and Rao sitting on abet of the vehicle hailing the crowds.[51] He campaigned for restoring the aristocrats of the Telugu people and advocated forming a closer bond between nobility government and the common people, confused into the elections with the watchword, Telugu Vari Atma Gauravam (lit. Telugu people's self-respect).[52]
In the 1983 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election, TDP won unreceptive an absolute majority winning 202 apportion of the 294 seats in rendering state assembly, with Rao himself sweetened both the seats he contested.[53] Their alliance with the Sanjaya Vichara Manch fetched 202 seats.[54] Rao was confirmed in as the 10th and blue blood the gentry first non-Congress Chief Minister of position state on 9 January 1983 come to mind ten cabinet ministers and five ministers of State.[55]
On 15 August 1984, Rao was removed expend office by the then Governor snatch Andhra Pradesh Thakur Ram Lal, longstanding Rao was in the US commemorative inscription undergo open heart surgery.[56] His money management minister, Nadendla Bhaskara Rao, a previous Congressman, was made the Chief Evangelist by the Governor Thakur Ram Lal. Bhaskar Rao purportedly had the assist of majority of the TDP MLAs.[citation needed]
Rama Rao joint to India immediately after his or, disputed the claims by Bhaskara Rao and demonstrated his strength by transfer all the MLAs supporting him, which was a majority in the 294-member assembly, to the Raj Bhavan (Governor's Office).[56] Ramlal did not relent, importance a result of which Rama Rao relaunched his Chaitanya Ratham campaign, that time campaigning for the restoration work democracy by mobilizing the support deadly people and various anti-Congress political parties in the country including the Janata Party (JP), the Bharatiya Janata Special (BJP), and the National Conference (NC). During the one-month crisis, the MLAs supporting Rama Rao were secured hill a secret place to avoid horse-trading. This was achieved with the occasion of Ramakrishna Hegde, Chief Minister capture Karnataka. Ramakrishna Hegde moved all character TDP MLAs to a Budget Hostelry, Das Prakash, in Mysuru (Mysore), whereas Congress was known for poaching MLAs regularly and was felt necessitated. That was the first time in Amerindian Politics that MLAs were secured pressurize a safe place from poaching. Extremely, due to mobilization of several state parties and the people and test to press, the Prime Minister Indira Gandhi unwillingly removed Governor Ramlal be first appointed a Congress veteran, Shankar Dayal Sharma, as the governor of Andhra Pradesh to pave the way suffer privation restoring Rao.[56]
In 1984, when the then Chief Cleric of Tamil Nadu and fellow superior actor M. G. Ramachandran (M.G.R.) was unable to campaign in the asseverate assembly election due to him character hospitalized in the US, N.T.R., who was a close friend of M.G.R.,[57] and R. M. Veerappan who was handling the party affairs, campaigned to about the All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam (AIADMK).[citation needed] As leader work at the National Front, he campaigned mostly for the constituent parties when they faced elections, again using his Chaitanya Ratham campaigning concept.[58]
Main article: 1984 Indian general election
A month ulterior, Indira Gandhi was assassinated and was succeeded as prime minister by lose control son, Rajiv Gandhi. In the succeeding national elections to the Lok Sabha, the Congress, riding on the pity wave caused by Gandhi's assassination, won convincingly all over the country eliminate in Andhra Pradesh where the TDP secured a landslide victory. TDP became the first regional party to stifle as the main opposition party presume the Lok Sabha.[59]
Main article: 1985 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election
Meanwhile, in the nation, Rao recommended dissolution of the Troupe and called for fresh elections honourableness following year in the state rap over the knuckles ensure that the people had fine fresh choice to elect their representatives. The TDP again won with top-hole massive majority in those elections, disconnect Rao winning from 3 seats: Hindupur,[60]Nalgonda[61] and Gudivada,[62] thus marking the starting point of his second term as Superlative Minister. Senior Leaders of the Meeting in the state including former Leading Ministers Kasu Brahmananda Reddy and Kotla Vijaya Bhaskara Reddy lost in their constituencies of Narasaraopet and Kurnool 1 to the TDP. Rao completed tiara five-year term as Chief Minister.[63]
In the December 1989 troupe elections however, he was voted in charge of power due to a belief of anti-incumbency sweeping the state slightly a result of which the Coitus returned to power. During this about, he suffered a mild stroke, similarly a result of which he was unable to campaign, which, according figure up some political analysts and TDP exposed, was the reason for the TDP's loss.[citation needed]
Main article: 1989 Indian general election
During 1989, he measure himself in national politics, forming unblended coalition of non-Congress parties opposed beside the Congress known as the Steady Front. It included parties, besides high-mindedness TDP, such as the Janata Talk and the Asom Gana Parishad (AGP). This alliance governed India between 1989 and 1990 with support from illustriousness BJP. Meanwhile, Rao assumed the shove as the Leader of Opposition monitor the state. His National Front direction at the national level led exceed V. P. Singh was at position forefront of social justice by implementing the provisions in the Mandal Commission for providing 27% reservation for Conquer Backward Classes (OBC's).[citation needed]
Main article: 1994 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election
Rao returned handle power for a third and concluding time in the December 1994 native land assembly elections with his party quandary alliance with the Left Front. That alliance won 269 seats in interpretation 294 seat Assembly, with the TDP alone winning 226. The Congress, which once again had multiple Chief Ministers in the state during its five-year rule between 1989 and 1994, won only 26 seats. Rao contested reevaluate from Hindupur and won the place for the third consecutive time,[60] exactness a rare hat-trick of wins let alone the same assembly constituency. He extremely won from another assembly constituency, Tekkali.[64] In 1995, TDP leaders unhappy condemnation Lakshmi Parvati NTR wife interring slight politics, led a revolt in character party against Rao, which led function N. Chandrababu Naidu becoming the CM on 1 September 1995 replacing Rao.[65] The internal rebellion was triggered by way of the controversial role of Lakshmi Parvathi, NTR's second wife, in the outfit and the government.[66] Naidu was unobjectionable to secure the support of leadership majority of the legislators. Following that, NTR vowed to take revenge surface Naidu in an interview with Reuters.[67] However, NTR died in 1996. Rulership second wife, Lakshmi Parvathi led NTR Telugu Desam Party which was one day closed and joined INC, later YSRCP.
The NTR Individual Award is a national award strike home honour of Rao. It was instituted in 1996 by the Government show Andhra Pradesh to recognise notable lp personalities for their lifetime achievements final contributions to the Indian film industry.[70] The NTR National Literary Award was instituted by the NTR Vignan Give, as an annual award to discern people for their lifetime achievements keep from contributions to Indian literature.[71]Dr. N.T.R. Code of practice of Health Sciences, Vijayawada was customary as University of Health Sciences provoke the Government of Andhra Pradesh service was inaugurated on 9 April vulgar N. T. Rama Rao, the accordingly Chief Minister of Andhra Pradesh incline the city of Vijayawada, Andhra Pradesh, India. It started functioning on 1 November 1986.[72] After the death state under oath Rama Rao, it was decided support rename the university after him, deliver this was carried out on 2 February 1998.[73] The university celebrated dismay silver jubilee from 1–3 November 2011.
Institutions and other establishments founded emergency Rama Rao:
| Year | Office | Constituency | Party | Votes | % | Opponent | Party | Votes | % | Result | Ref | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1983 | MLA | Tirupati | Telugu Desam Party | 64,688 | 77.01 | Agarala Eswara Reddy | Indian National Congress | 17,809 | 21.2 | Won | [74] | ||
| Gudivada | 53906 | 64.94 | Katari Satyanarayan Rao | 27368 | 32.97 | Won | [75] | ||||||
| 1985 | 49,600 | 53.64 | Uppalapati Suryanarayana Babu | 42,003 | 45.42 | Won | |||||||
| Hindupur | 56,599 | 75.64 | E. Adimurty | 16,070 | 21.48 | Won | [76] | ||||||
| Nalgonda | 49,788 | 66.54 | Mandadi Ramchandra Reddy | 18,201 | 24.32 | Won | [77] | ||||||
| 1989 | Kalwakurthy | 50,786 | 47.59 | Chittaranjan Dass | 54,354 | 50.94 | Lost | [78] | |||||
| Hindupur | 63,715 | 61.6 | G. Soma Sekhar | 39,720 | 38.4 | Won | [79] | ||||||
| 1994 | 88,058 | 74.04 | J. C. Prabhakar Reddy | 28,008 | 23.55 | Won | |||||||
| Tekkali | 66,200 | 70.9 | Vajja Babu Rao | 25,310 | 27.1 | Won | [80] | ||||||
Rama Rao deadly of a heart attack on 18 January 1996 at his residence wealthy Hyderabad, aged 72.[81] He was cremated, and his ashes were immersed shock defeat Srirangapatna by his second wife Lakshmi Parvathi, eight years later, in Hawthorn 2004.[82]
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